William J. Novak is an award-winning legal scholar and historian and the Charles F. and Edith J. Clyne Professor of Law at The University of Michigan. He teaches in the fields of legal history, legislation, and regulation, and his research interests focus on the history of the modern American regulatory state.
He previously was a professor of history at the University of Chicago and a research professor at the American Bar Foundation. In 1996, he published The People's Welfare: Law and Regulation in Nineteenth-Century America, which won the American Historical Association's Littleton-Griswold Prize for Best Book in the History of Law and Society. He also co-edited a volume on The Democratic Experiment in 2003 with Meg Jacobs and Julian Zelizer, and a volume on Boundaries of the State in U.S. History in 2015 with Jim Sparrow and Steve Sawyer.
He is currently collaborating with Naomi Lamoreaux and The Tobin Project on a volume on The Corporation and American Democracy. He also continues to work on his own monographic research project, "The Creation of the Modern American State."
Law School Website:
Curriculum Vitae
I. Employment
2013 -
2010 -
2009 - 2013
1997 - 2009
2000 - 2009
2007 (Fall)
2004 (Fall)
1991 - 1997
1994 - 2000
2003 - 2005
1995 - 1998
1989 - 1991
Charles F. And Edith J. Clyne Professor of Law, University of Michigan
Co-Director, Program in Race, Law, and History, University of Michigan
Professor of Law, University of Michigan.
Associate Professor of History, The University of Chicago.
Research Professor, American Bar Foundation.
Visiting Professor of Law, University of Michigan Law School.
Visiting Professor of Law, New York University Law School.
Assistant Professor of History, The University of Chicago.
Director, Center for Comparative Legal History.
Editor (with Jack Heinz & Laura Beth Nielsen), Law and Social Inquiry. Book Review Editor, Law & History Review.
Assistant Director, Institute for Legal Studies, University of Wisconsin Law School; Coordinator of the Civil Rights Conference "A Century of Civil Rights Struggle," November, 1989.
II. Education
1991
1983
1983
Ph.D. Brandeis University, History of American Civilization. Dissertation:
"Salus Populi: The Roots of Regulation in America, 1787-1873."
M.A. Case Western Reserve University, History. Thesis: "Lawyers for Progress:
Newton D. Baker and John H. Clarke in American Progressivism."
B.A. Case Western Reserve University, History.
III. Books
The People's Welfare: Law and Regulation in Nineteenth-Century America (Legal History Series, University
of North Carolina Press, December, 1996). Winner of the American Historical Association’s Littleton-
Griswold Prize, Best Book in the History of Law and Society.
The Democratic Experiment: New Directions in American Political History. Edited with Meg Jacobs and
Julian Zelizer (Princeton University Press, 2003).
Boundaries of the State in US History. Edited with James T. Sparrow and Stephen W. Sawyer (University of
Chicago Press, 2015).
Corporations and American Democracy. Edited with Naomi Lamoreaux (Harvard University Press, 2017).
IV. Articles
“Revolutionary State Formation: The Origins of the Strong American State,” with Steven Pincus, in John L.
Brooke, Julia C. Strauss, and Greg Anderson, eds., State Formations: Global Histories and Cultures of
Statehood (Cambridge University Press, 2018), 138-155
“Response: The People’s Welfare Redux,” American Journal of Legal History, 57 (2017), 248-255.
“The Administrative State in America,” in Max Planck Handbooks in European Public Law, Volume I: The
Administrative State, Armin von Bogdandy, Peter M. Huber, and Sabino Cassese, eds. (Oxford University
Press, 2017), 98-124.
“The Public Utility Idea and the Origins of Modern Business Regulation,” in The Corporations and American
Democracy, ed. Naomi Lamoreaux and William J. Novak (Harvard University Press, 2017), 139-176.
“Corporations and American Democracy: An Introduction,” with Naomi Lamoreaux, in Corporations and
American Democracy (Harvard University Press, 2017), 1-36.
“Putting the ‘Public’ in Public Administration: The Rise of the Public Utility Idea,” in Nicholas R. Parrillo, ed.
Administrative Law from the Inside Out: Essays on Themes in the Work of Jerry L. Mashaw (New York:
Cambridge University Press, 2017), 373-397.
“Democratic States of Unexception: Towards a New Genealogy of the American
Political,” with Stephen W. Sawyer and James T. Sparrow, in Ann Shola Orloff and Kimberly Morgan, eds. The
Many Hands of the State: Theorizing Political Authority and Social Control (Cambridge University Press,
2017), 229-257.
“The Concept of the State in American History,” in Sparrow, Novak, and Sawyer, eds., Boundaries of the State
in U.S. History (University of Chicago Press, 2015), 325- 350.
“Introduction,” with James T. Sparrow and Stephen W. Sawyer, in Sparrow, Novak, and Sawyer, eds.
Boundaries of the State in U.S. History (University of Chicago Press, 2015), 1-16.
“Beyond Max Weber: The Need for Democratic (not Aristocratic) Theory of the Modern State,” in The
Tocqueville Review/La Revue Tocqueville 36 (2015), 43-91.
“Beyond Stateless Democracy,” with Stephen W. Sawyer and James T. Sparrow, in The Tocqueville Review/La
Revue Tocqueville 36 (2015), 21-41.
“Emancipation and the Creation of Modern Liberal States in America and France,” with Stephen W. Sawyer,
Journal of the Civil War Era, 3 (2013), 467-500.
“A Revisionist History of Regulatory Capture,” in Daniel Carpenter and David Moss, eds., Preventing Capture:
Special Interest Influence and How to Limit It (Cambridge University Press, 2013), 25-48.
“Toward a History of the Democratic State,” with Stephen W. Sawyer and James T. Sparrow, The Tocqueville
Review/La revue Tocqueville, 33 (2012), 7-18.
“Making the Modern American Legislative State,” in Jeffrey Jenkins and Eric Patashnik,
Living Legislation: Durability, Change, and the Politics of American Lawmaking,
Ch. 2 (University of Chicago Press, 2012), 20-43.
“Legal Realism and Human Rights,” History of European Ideas, 37 (2011), 168-174.
“Political History after the Cultural Turn,” with Steven Pincus, American Historical Review Perspectives (May,
2011).
“Constitutional Theology: The Return of Whig History to American Public Law,” 2010 Michigan State Law
Review 623 (Actual publication date, 2011).
“Law and the Social Control of American Capitalism, 1877-1932,” Emory Law Journal 60 (2010), 377-405.
“Long Live the Myth of the Weak State: A Response to Adams, Gerstle, and Witt,” American Historical Review
115 (June 2010), 792-800.
“Public-Private Governance: A History,” in Martha Minow and Jody Freeman, eds., Government by Contract:
Outsourcing and American Democracy. (Harvard University Press, 2009), 23-40.
“The Myth of the ‘Weak’ American State,” American Historical Review 113 (June 2008), 752-772.
“A State of Legislatures,” Polity 40 (2008), 340-347.
“Police Power and the Transformation of the American State,” in Markus Dubber and Mariana Valverde, eds.,
Police and the Liberal State (Stanford University Press, 2008), 54-73.
“The Not-So-Strange Birth of the Modern American State,” Law and History Review 24 (2006), 193-200.
“The Legal Transformation of Citizenship in Nineteenth-Century America,” in Meg Jacobs, William J. Novak,
and Julian Zelizer, eds., The Democratic Experiment: New Directions in American Political History (Princeton
University Press, 2003), 85-119.
“The Pluralist State: The Convergence of Public and Private Power in America,” in Wendy Gamber, Michael
Grossberg, and Hendrik Hartog, eds., American Public Life and the Historical Imagination (University of Notre
Dame Press, 2003), 27- 48.
“Private Wealth and Public Health: A Critique of Richard Epstein’s Defense of the ‘Old’ Public Health,”
Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 46 (Summer, 2003 Supplement), S176-S198.
“The Legal Origins of the Modern American State,” in Bryant Garth, Robert Kagan, and Austin Sarat, eds.,
Looking Back at Law’s Century: Time, Memory, Change (Cornell University Press, 2002), 249-283.
“The American Law of Association: The Legal-Political Construction of Civil Society,” Studies in American
Political Development 15 (2001), 163-188; reprinted in American Bar Foundation, Analyzing Law’s Reach:
Empirical Research on Law and Society (ABA, 2008), 493-539.
“Law, Capitalism, and the Liberal State: The Historical Sociology of James Willard Hurst,” Law and History
Review, 18 (2000), 97-145.
"Common Regulation: The Legal Origins of State Power in America," Hastings Law Journal 45 (1994),
1061-1097.
"Public Economy and the Well-Ordered Market: Law and Economic Regulation in Nineteenth-Century
America," Law and Social Inquiry 18 (1993), 1-32. Reprinted in James W. Ely, Jr., ed., Property Rights in
American History: From the Colonial Era to the Present (6 vols., New York, 1997), I, 233-264.
"John Marshall," in Richard Fox and James Kloppenberg, eds., A Companion to American Thought (Blackwell,
1995).
"Intellectual Origins of the State Police Power: The Common Law Vision of a Well- Regulated Society,"
Institute for Legal Studies Working Paper, Legal History Series (June, 1989).
Book Reviews in Business History Review (David A. Moss, When All Else Fails, 2003) Journal of American
History (Gregory Alexander, Commodity and Propriety, 2000; James R. Stoner, Common Law and Liberal
Theory, 1993; Herbert Hovenkamp, Enterprise and American Law, 1992; Paul Kens, Judicial Power and Reform
Politics, 1992); Law and History Review (William James Booth, Households: On the Moral Architecture of the
Economy, 1996); Journal of Interdisciplinary History (David J. Bodenhamer, Fair Trial, 1994); American
Journal of Legal History (Paul and Dickman, Liberty, Property, and Government, 1990).
V. Honors and Grants
University of Michigan Law School, Visiting Professorship (Fall 2007)
New York University Law School, Visiting Professorship (Fall 2004)
American Bar Foundation, Visiting Research Fellowship (1999-2000)
Littleton-Griswold Prize, Best Book on the History of American Law and Society, American Historical
Association (1996-97).
J. David Greenstone Memorial Grant, University of Chicago Social Sciences Division (1997-98).
William H. Donner Foundation Development Grant for Center for Comparative Legal History (1994-98,
#94-0277)
John M. Olin Faculty Fellowship in Political Thought and History (1993-94, #6-34822).
Social Sciences Divisional Research Grant, The University of Chicago (1992-93).
Legal History Fellowship, Institute for Legal Studies, UW-Law School (1988-1991).
Rose Crown Fellowship in the History of American Civilization at Brandeis (1984-1988).
Julia Edwards Graduate Fellowship in History at CWRU (1983).
Phi Beta Kappa (1983).
Clarence Cramer and John Hall Stewart Awards in History at CWRU (1982 & 1983).
Peter Witt Scholarship (1982).
© 2019 by William J. Novak